If you’re not familiar with the lingo, medical terminology can leave your head spinning. Whether you’re considering entering the medical field or you’re just trying to navigate the newest medical show, it can be hard to keep up with the at-times alien sounding array of technical terms, abbreviations and jargon that gets used. Even if you have no intention of working in healthcare, it’s good to have a foundation of basics down as it will help you communicate with and understand the healthcare providers you’ll regularly interact with.

虽然您可能已经有基础，但有足够的空间扩大您对医学词汇的知识 - 而且您在正确的地方。我们已经围绕了一个大量的常见医疗和医疗保健条款清单，并提供了简单的定义，以便您开始。

Medical terms for patient status

1. Acute:Patient with a sudden flare-up or potentially severe issue who needs immediate care.
2. Critical:Patient’s vital signs are out of the normal range and patient may be unconscious.
3. Inpatient:Status of a patient who requires hospital admission.
4. Observation:A temporary status that allows patients to continue receiving care for a set amount of time in the hospital while the physician determines whether admission or discharge is best.
5. Outpatient:没有入住医院过夜护理的患者的状态。这可能包括诊所访问，当天手术和一天的急诊室访问。

Medical terms for conditions and diseases

6. Abrasion:A scrape that typically only affects the skin and can usually be treated at home.
7. Abscess:A tender, pus-filled pocket usually due to infection.
8. Acute:Signifies a condition that begins abruptly and is sometimes severe, but usually short.
9. Aneurysm:A bulge in the wall of an artery that weakens the artery and can lead to rupture.
10. Aortic dissection:A tear in the inner layer of the aorta.
11. Bradycardia:A slowing of the heart rate—typically less than 60 beats per minute for adults.
12. Benign:Usually in reference to tumors or growth, meaning not cancerous or malignant.
13. Biopsy:A small sample of tissue that’s taken for testing to discover the cause or extent of a disease.
14. Chronic:Signifies a recurring, persistent condition, usually more than three months.
15. Contusion:A bruise typically from impact or force.
16. Cyanosis:Condition resulting bluish skin, stems from lack of oxygen in the blood.
17. 诊断：Identification of a condition, disease or disorder by evaluation of symptoms, tests and other factors.
18. Thrombosis:A blood clot within a blood vessel that affects normal blood flow.
19. Edema:Swelling caused by fluid accumulation.
20. 栓子：A blood clot, air bubble or other obstruction blocking blood flow in the affected blood vessel.
21. Fracture:Broken bone ranging from a crack to a complete break.
22. 心房颤动：An uncoordinated, quivering movement of the heart muscle resulting in an irregular pulse and poor blood flow.
23. Hypertension:Abnormally high blood pressure.
24. Hypotension:异常低血压。
25. Ischemia:Characterized by a lack of blood flow to an organ or part of the body. Often refers to the heart-cardiac ischemia.
26. 恶性：In reference to tumors or growths—indicating the presence of cancerous cells.
27. Cancer:Collection of related diseases where some of the body’s cells multiply out of control spreading into surrounding tissues and interfering with normal body function.
28. Normal sinus rhythm:A normal heartbeat pattern, usually is between 60 and 80 beats per minute in an adult.
29. Tumor:肿胀或质量通常与癌症相关使用。
30. Tension pneumothorax:当空气泄漏到肺部和胸壁之间的空间中时，发生坍塌的肺。
31. Pericardial effusion:Blood or fluid leaking into the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
32. Myocardial infarction:当动脉堵塞或缓慢的血液流动剥夺血液的心脏时。更常见的是心脏病发作。
33. Angina:A disease in which narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart results in reduced blood flow and chest pain. Usually a symptom of coronary artery disease.
34. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):Commonly called a stroke. Occurs when the brain is deprived of blood and oxygen by either a blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel.
35. 败血症：A serious condition caused the body’s response to severe infection. Occurs when the body’s infection-fighting response gets out of balance and can lead to severe issues like organ failure.

Tools and equipment, and medication terms

36. Endoscope:A long flexible tube with its own special lighting and camera used to look into the body. There are many specific kinds of endoscopes.
37. Foley:An indwelling catheter. A thin flexible tube inserted into the urethra to drain the bladder.
38. Fluoroscope:An X-ray machine—can be used for still images or in motion, like an animation created by x-ray images.
39. Stethoscope:用于听患者呼吸和心跳的小型仪器。
40. Intravenous (IV):Indicates medication or fluid given through the vein.
41. Epidural:An injection of a local anesthetic to the lumbar level of the spin often used to relieve pain during labor.
42. Sublingual:Meaning “below the tongue,” typically seen with medication that is administered by dissolving it under the patients’ tongue.
43. nocte：Latin for at night, typically in reference to when medication should be administered.
44. Mane:早上的拉丁语，通常会参考应给药时的药物。
45. OD：When referring to medication instructions, “once daily.”
46. BDS: Latin, “bis die sumendum” meaning take two times per day.
47. TDS:Latin, “ter die sumendum” meaning take three times per day.
48. QDS:Latin, “quarter die sumendum” meaning take 4 times per day.
49. PRN:Latin, “pro re nata” or take as needed.
50. PR:Latin, “per rectum” to be taken rectally.
51. PO:拉丁语，“每个orem”被嘴或口服拍摄。
52. IV push:A direct, rapid injection of medication delivered intravenously.
53. NS:Normal saline—a mixture of salt and water similar to what’s produced by the body.

医用术语/俚语

54. Champagne tap:A successful lumbar puncture done by a student with no red blood cells found. Traditionally this challenging procedure is celebrated with a bottle of champagne from a supervising doctor—in part because the fluid collected resembles the color of champagne.
55. Stat:Immediately
56. 泽泽：指具有压力的弱脉冲 - 较大问题的指标。
57. Golden hour:指在创伤后的第一个小时或成功治疗机会最高的事件之后。

Medical procedures and tests

58. Blood culture:用于在患者血液中找到任何异常细菌或真菌的测试。
59. Blood gas:试验显示血液的气相成分，包括氧气，二氧化碳，pH平衡等。
60. Blood pressure:Measure of how well the blood is circulating. Normal blood pressure measure about 120/80 for adults.
61. 血液拭子：A blood sample taken with a cotton-tipped stick.
62. 肠道减少：Manual removal of hardened fecal matter from a patient's rectum.
63. Central line:Catheter placed in a large vein that allows multiple IV fluids to be given and blood to be drawn more easily.
64. C-section:Shorthand for cesarean section the surgical delivery of a baby through the abdominal wall.
65. Puls/ox:Pulse oximetry, a measure of oxygen saturation in blood.
66. Dialysis:Procedure to filter blood for patients with kidney failure.
67. Pulse:Measure of a pulsating artery.
68. Intubation:Insertion of an endotracheal tube to assist patient breathing.
69. Laparotomy:涉及腹壁切口的任何手术。
70. Lumbar puncture:Withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid through a hollow needle inserted into the lumbar region. Also referred to as a spinal tap.
71. Sternotomy:Surgical opening of the breast bone.
72. 胸廓术：手术在胸腔上。
73. Tox screen:Toxicological analysis of the blood. Ordered when a drug overdose is suspected and the drugs need to be identified.
74. Ultrasound:一种形式diagnostic imagingthat uses high-frequency sound waves.
75. 静脉穿刺：从静脉的血液。

Abbreviations

76. ALOC:Acute Loss of Consciousness
77. ASA:The abbreviation for acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin.
78. BMI.: Body mass index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight.
79. BP: Blood pressure.
80. BLS:基本生活支持包括心肺复苏和去除异物气道阻塞。
81. CAT scan:Computerized axial tomography—another form of diagnostic imaging.
82. CHF:Congestive heart failure.
83. CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a life-saving technique that’s also called mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
84. DNR.: Do not resuscitate. A medical order indicating providers should not perform CPR or other life-saving measures on a patient.
85. DOA:Dead on arrival.
86. ED/ER: Emergency department or emergency room.
87. 脑电图：Measures brain activity.
88. EKG/ECG: Electrocardiogram. Records the electrical signals in the heart.
89. EMS：Emergency medical services.
90. 人力资源: Heart rate, expressed as beats per minute.
91. KUB:Kidney, ureter, and bladder x-ray, commonly used for diagnosing abdominal pain.
92. LFT: Liver function test.
93. MRI：磁共振成像，一种使用大磁体和无线电波的诊断成像形式以在体内观察器官。
94. NICU:新生儿重症监护室,一个专门的单位for premature infants.
95. NSAID:非甾体抗炎药（布洛芬，阿司匹林，萘普生）。
96. OR：进行手术的手术室。
97. OT:职业治疗。
98. psych: Refers to psychiatry practice or the psychiatric ward.
99. PT: Physical therapy—rehabilitative exercises used to rebuild strength and flexibility after injury.
100. Rx:处方的速记，通常用于药物，但也可以表示另一种治疗方法。
101. U/A:尿液分析 - 用于肾衰竭，脱水，糖尿病，营养不良或膀胱，肾脏感染等患者患者尿液检测尿液的过程。

Looking to take the next step toward a healthcare career?

Whew! Feeling a little more informed now that you’ve made it through this list of basic medical terms? That’s great, but the truth is that there’s a lot more to learn if you have your sights set on a healthcare career. If you’d like to learn more about some of the options you have for getting started sooner than later, check out our article, “Exploring 12 Healthcare Jobs You Can Launch in 2 Years or Less.”