Long hospital stays following a surgical procedure can be grueling for both patients and their families. The impact of sleeping in uncomfortable beds within loud and busy units, navigating visiting hours and hospital parking, increased risk of infection, and a staggeringly high price tag for both hospitals and patients, have helped lead to the rise of another approach: outpatient surgery.

Outpatient surgical procedures, sometimes also called ambulatory surgeries, are any procedures that do not require an overnight hospital stay following the operation. Outpatient procedures are often conducted in a doctor’s office or an ambulatory surgery center, but can also be performed in an outpatient unit within a hospital.

门诊手术使患者恢复their own homes with the comfort and care of their loved ones. This allows medical professionals within hospitals to focus their attention on patients in more critical conditions. The mutually beneficial nature of outpatient surgeries for both patients and hospitals have made outpatient procedures increasingly popular. The number of outpatient surgical procedures are expected to increase as medical technology continues to make surgical procedures less invasive, more efficient and requiring less post-operative care.

那么在门诊环境中正在做什么样的程序？在本文中，我们将仔细研究门诊手术的一些最常见的例子。

9个常见的门诊手术，您可能会在您的职业生涯中遇到

Not every surgical procedure requires an overnight recovery. Read on to learn more about the variety of relatively simple outpatient surgeries you may encounter in your healthcare career.

白内障手术

Cataracts are a common eye affliction that can cause vision impairment and blindness. These vision problems are caused by protein or pigment build up on the surface of the lens which can look from the outside as though the eyes are clouded. This is often the result of aging, but also can be due to trauma, birth defects, diabetes or smoking tobacco. During a cataract surgery, a doctor removes the cloudy lens and, in most cases, places an artificial lens in its place. These lenses are called intraocular lenses or IOLs, and the type of IOL best for a patient is determined by an ophthalmologist prior to the procedure.

Cataract surgery is common and very low risk. Depending on the type of IOL, the procedure may not even require any sutures. However, patients can expect to have blurred vision and irritated eyes while their body recovers from the process.

2。Sclerotherapy

Sclerotherapy is often used to treat varicose veins and spider veins. Varicose veins are swollen, twisted, and raised blood vessels in the legs. Spider veins are similarly visible, swollen blood vessels located on the legs, chest or face. Both conditions have been linked to rinks factors such as family history, occupational stress, obesity and hormonal changes. Varicose and spider veins can be very painful, or present no symptoms and require no treatment.

硬化疗法是静脉曲张和蜘蛛静脉的微创治疗选择。自20世纪30年代以来，该过程已在使用。它涉及将溶液（通常盐水）注射到受影响的静脉中。溶液导致血管的衬里崩溃，如果静脉非常大，则在几周或几个月的时间内将血管变成瘢痕组织。硬化治疗的副作用是最小的，通常包括瘙痒或瘀伤。医生在程序之前进行小测试以测试任何主要的过敏反应。

经过硬化疗法的患者可以让自己驱动自己。虽然它们经常被指示磨损压缩袜子，但可以在程序后恢复正常活动。

3. Septoplasty

Sementoplasty是一种修复偏离的隔膜的程序。往往是创伤的结果，偏离的隔膜是导致阻碍气流进入鼻腔的鼻中隔的不对准。emporActar术通常涉及使用内窥镜进入软骨或骨骼以伸直隔膜。

这se procedures are typically completed in under an hour and might only require local anesthesia. Numbness in the front teeth and bleeding can occur following the procedure, however most septoplasties heal completely and without complications within 3-6 months.

4. Tonsillectomy

自20世纪70年代以来一直变得不那么普遍的程序，扁桃体切除术是从喉咙后部完全拆除腭扁桃体。

Tonsillectomies are typically performed in order to increase quality of life in children experiencing frequent throat infections or sleep apnea. There are multiple methods for removing the tonsils. While most tonsillectomies are performed in an outpatient setting, some doctors may prefer to keep children in the hospital to ensure they remain properly hydrated and pain can be managed more immediately. Children are often kept in the hospital to ensure their pain is handled quickly and efficiently even if the procedure does not pose any other significant risk and would be performed in an outpatient setting in adults.

5.髋关节和膝关节关节造身术

Due to trauma or conditions such as osteoarthritis, it is sometimes necessary to replace a joint or a portion of a joint with a prosthesis. An arthroplasty is a surgery where a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, modeled or realigned. These are complex procedures that have typically required significant postoperative care and support.

尽管是一个相当复杂的程序，但门诊髋关节和膝关节形成效果变得越来越普遍。这Cleveland Clinic突出几种益处对门诊关节置换手术，包括较少的疼痛，输血较少和较低的感染风险。¹

6.转子袖带修复

Repetitive stress, poor posture, and simply aging can cause injury to the rotator cuff—the group of muscles and tendons that connect the upper arm to the shoulder. If rest and physical therapy don’t repair the injury, doctors may recommend a surgical repair.

转子袖带修复是在一般的或局部麻醉下进行的，使用关节镜。外科医生会将肌腱重新连接到骨骼上并用缝线固定到位。从程序中恢复通常持续四到六周，需要肩部防盗。包括物理治疗，完全恢复需要3-6个月。

7. Myomectomy

Fibroids are growths within a uterus that can be asymptomatic, or cause significant abdominal pain and heavy periods. Fibroids are one of the most common gynecological conditions—the美国妇女健康办公室states that anywhere from 20 to 80 percent of all women will develop fibroids by the time they reach age 50, though not all will experience symptoms.²

Myomectomies是一种微创，安全，有效的手术程序，用于去除肌瘤。腹腔镜切除术进行腹腔镜，它们具有低并发症率，并没有对子宫或腹部的切口留下。患者可以在手术后几天内恢复正常活动。

8. Vasectomy

A vasectomy is usually completed within 30 minutes. After a short period of rest, the patient can return home and resume normal activity, including typical sexual behavior, within a week.

该程序涉及切割和密封VAS推排，以防止精子进入尿道。精子不能再离开身体并无害地分解并重新吸收。卵子切除术后，鸡蛋的施肥已经记载，但失效率明显低于输卵管连接。虽然不一定推荐，但是可以逆转型切除术。

9.腹腔镜胆囊切除术

Gallbladder conditions such as gallstones sometimes require the surgical removal of the gallbladder. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is minimally invasive technique used to remove the gallbladder from the abdominal cavity through four small incisions. If a patient is considered high risk, for example requiring emergency surgery or with additional health complications, they are often kept in the hospital after the procedure. However, for most patients, the procedure can be done on an outpatient basis.

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的副作用是最小的，并且在操作后10-14天可以恢复正常的常规。

有兴趣成为外科团队的一部分吗？

Surgery is a critical, exciting, and rapidly evolving area of medicine. Surgical technologists play a hands-on role in ensuring surgical procedures are completed safely. If you’d like to learn more about the role and why it’s worth considering, check out our article, “6 Reasons for Becoming a Surgical Tech。”

¹Cleveland Clinic, Health Essentials, Joint Replacement: 5 Benefits of Outpatient Surgery, [accessed March, 2020]https://health.clevelandclinic.org/joint-replacement-5-benefits-of-outpatient-surgery/
²U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health, A-Z Health Topics: Uterine Fibroids, [accessed March, 2020]https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/uterine-fibroids